PASS Upgrade Information

Procedures added in the PASS 2019 Upgrade from PASS 16

Group-Sequential Tests (with Futility Boundary Options)

For each of these group-sequential power and sample size procedures, there are corresponding group-sequential analysis and sample-size re-estimation procedures in NCSS 2019.

• Group-Sequential Tests for Two Means with Known Variances (Simulation)
• Group-Sequential T-Tests for Two Means (Simulation)
• Group-Sequential Tests for Two Proportions (Simulation)

Conditional Power

• Conditional Power of Two-Sample T-Tests for Non-Inferiority
• Conditional Power of Two-Sample T-Tests for Superiority by a Margin
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• Conditional Power of Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Conditional Power of Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• -
• Conditional Power of Non-Inferiority Logrank Tests
• Conditional Power of Superiority by a Margin Logrank Tests
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• Conditional Power of Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Means in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Conditional Power of Superiority by a Margin Tests for Two Means in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
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• Conditional Power of One-Sample T-Tests for Non-Inferiority
• Conditional Power of One-Sample T-Tests for Superiority by a Margin
• -
• Conditional Power of Paired T-Tests for Non-Inferiority
• Conditional Power of Paired T-Tests for Superiority by a Margin
• -
• Conditional Power of Non-Inferiority Tests for One Proportion
• Conditional Power of Superiority by a Margin Tests for One Proportion

Tests of Mediation Effect

• Tests of Mediation Effect using the Sobel Test
• Tests of Mediation Effect in Linear Regression
• Tests of Mediation Effect in Logistic Regression
• Tests of Mediation Effect in Poisson Regression
• Tests of Mediation Effect in Cox Regression
• Joint Tests of Mediation in Linear Regression with Continuous Variables

Two Proportions

• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design

Mixed Models Tests

• Mixed Models Tests for Two Means at the End of Follow-Up in a 3-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-3 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Two Means at the End of Follow-Up in a 2-Level Hierarchical Design
• -
• Mixed Models Tests for Interaction in a 2×2 Factorial 2-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-2 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Interaction in a 2×2 Factorial 2-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-1 Randomization)
• -
• Mixed Models Tests for Interaction in a 2×2 Factorial 3-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-3 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Interaction in a 2×2 Factorial 3-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-2 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Interaction in a 2×2 Factorial 3-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-1 Randomization)
• -
• Mixed Models Tests for Slope-Interaction in a 2×2 Factorial 3-Level Hierarchical Design with Random Slopes (Level-3 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Slope-Interaction in a 2×2 Factorial 3-Level Hierarchical Design with Random Slopes (Level-2 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Slope-Interaction in a 2×2 Factorial 2-Level Hierarchical Design with Random Slopes (Level-2 Randomization)
• -
• Mixed Models Tests for Slope-Interaction in a 2×2 Factorial 3-Level Hierarchical Design with Fixed Slopes (Level-3 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Slope-Interaction in a 2×2 Factorial 3-Level Hierarchical Design with Fixed Slopes (Level-2 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Slope-Interaction in a 2×2 Factorial 2-Level Hierarchical Design with Fixed Slopes (Level-2 Randomization)

Simple Linear Regression

• Simple Linear Regression
• Non-Zero Null Tests for Simple Linear Regression
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Simple Linear Regression
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Simple Linear Regression
• Equivalence Tests for Simple Linear Regression
• Simple Linear Regression using R-Squared
• Non-Zero Null Tests for Simple Linear Regression using R-Squared

Multiple Regression

• Multiple Regression

Bayesian Adjustment

• Bayesian Adjustment using the Posterior Error Approach

Reference Intervals

• Reference Intervals for Normal Data
• Nonparametric Reference Intervals for Non-Normal Data

Pilot Studies

• UCL of the Standard Deviation from a Pilot Study
• Sample Size of a Pilot Study using the Upper Confidence Limit of the SD
• Sample Size of a Pilot Study using the Non-Central t to Allow for Uncertainty in the SD
• Required Sample Size to Detect a Problem in a Pilot Study
• Pilot Study Sample Size Rules of Thumb

Two Groups, Two-Part Model

• Tests for Two Groups Assuming a Two-Part Model
• Tests for Two Groups Assuming a Two-Part Model with Detection Limits

Bland-Altman Method

• Bland-Altman Method for Assessing Agreement in Method Comparison Studies

Within-Subject Variances

• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Within-Subject Variances in a Parallel Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Within-Subject Variances in a Parallel Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Within-Subject Variances in a Parallel Design
• Tests for the Ratio of Two Within-Subject Variances in a Parallel Design
• Non-Unity Null Tests for the Ratio of Within-Subject Variances in a Parallel Design
• -
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Within-Subject Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Within-Subject Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Within-Subject Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design
• Tests for the Ratio of Two Within-Subject Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design
• Non-Unity Null Tests for the Ratio of Within-Subject Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design

Within-Subject CV's

• Tests for the Difference of Two Within-Subject CV's in a Parallel Design
• Non-Zero Null Tests for the Difference of Two Within-Subject CV's in a Parallel Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference of Two Within-Subject CV's in a Parallel Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference of Two Within-Subject CV's in a Parallel Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference of Two Within-Subject CV's in a Parallel Design

Variance Ratios

• Tests for the Ratio of Two Variances
• Non-Unity Null Tests for the Ratio of Two Variances
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Variances
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Variances
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Variances

Between-Subject Variances

• Tests for Two Between-Subject Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design
• Non-Unity Null Tests for Two Between-Subject Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Between-Subject Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Two Between-Subject Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design

Two Total Variances

• Tests for Two Total Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design
• Non-Unity Null Tests for Two Total Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Total Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Two Total Variances in a 2×2M Replicated Cross-Over Design
• -
• Tests for Two Total Variances in a Replicated Design
• Non-Unity Null Tests for Two Total Variances in a Replicated Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Total Variances in a Replicated Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Two Total Variances in a Replicated Design
• -
• Tests for Two Total Variances in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Unity Null Tests for Two Total Variances in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Total Variances in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Two Total Variances in a 2×2 Cross-Over Design

Two Between Variances

• Tests for Two Between Variances in a Replicated Design
• Non-Unity Null Tests for Two Between Variances in a Replicated Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Between Variances in a Replicated Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Two Between Variances in a Replicated Design

One Mean

• One-Sample T-Tests
• One-Sample Z-Tests
• One-Sample Z-Tests for Non-Inferiority
• One-Sample Z-Tests for Superiority by a Margin
• One-Sample Z-Tests for Equivalence

Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests

• Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests
• Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests for Non-Inferiority
• Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests for Superiority by a Margin

Paired Tests

• • Paired T-Tests
  • Paired T-Tests for Non-Inferiority
  • Paired T-Tests for Superiority by a Margin
  • -
  • Paired Z-Tests
  • Paired Z-Tests for Non-Inferiority
  • Paired Z-Tests for Superiority by a Margin

• Paired Z-Tests for Equivalence
• -
• Paired Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests
• Paired Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests for Non-Inferiority
• Paired Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests for Superiority by a Margin

Two-Sample T-Tests

• Two-Sample T-Tests for Non-Inferiority Assuming Equal Variance
• Two-Sample T-Tests for Non-Inferiority Allowing Unequal Variance
• -
• Two-Sample T-Tests for Superiority by a Margin Assuming Equal Variance
• Two-Sample T-Tests for Superiority by a Margin Allowing Unequal Variance
• -
• Two-Sample T-Tests for Equivalence Allowing Unequal Variance

Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Tests

• Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Tests
• Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Tests for Non-Inferiority
• Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Tests for Superiority by a Margin

Updated and/or Improved Procedures in the PASS 2019 Upgrade from PASS 16

Conditional Power

• Conditional Power of Logrank Tests
• Conditional Power of Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Conditional Power of Tests for One Proportion
• Conditional Power of Tests for Two Means in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Conditional Power of Paired T-Tests
• Conditional Power of Two-Sample T-Tests
• Conditional Power of One-Sample T-Tests

Survival

• Tests for the Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
• Tests for Two Survival Curves Using Cox's Proportional Hazards Model
• -
• Non-Inferiority Logrank Tests
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Survival Curves Using Cox's Proportional Hazards Model
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
• -
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Two Survival Curves Using Cox's Proportional Hazards Model
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
• -
• Equivalence Tests for Two Survival Curves Using Cox's Proportional Hazards Model
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model

Proportions

• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions
• -
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference Between Two Correlated Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Correlated Proportions
• -
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• -
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions
• Equivalence Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions
• -
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• -
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference Between Two Correlated Proportions
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Correlated Proportions
• -
• Non-Zero Null Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Non-Unity Null Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions
• Non-Unity Null Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions
• -
• Non-Zero Null Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Unity Null Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• -
• Tests for Two Proportions in a Stratified Design (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test)
• Tests for Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design

Means

• One-Sample T-Tests for Superiority by a Margin
• One-Sample T-Tests for Non-Inferiority
• One-Sample T-Tests for Equivalence
• -
• Paired T-Tests for Equivalence
• -
• Two-Sample T-Tests Assuming Equal Variance
• Two-Sample T-Tests Allowing Unequal Variance
• Two-Sample T-Tests for Equivalence Assuming Equal Variance
• -
• Tests for the Ratio of Two Means
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Means
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Means
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Means
• -
• Tests for the Difference Between Two Means in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference Between Two Means in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference of Two Means in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference Between Two Means in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• -
• Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Equivalence Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• -
• Hotelling's One-Sample T2
• Hotelling's Two-Sample T2
• -
• Multiple Testing for One Mean (One-Sample or Paired Data)
• Multiple Testing for Two Means

Linear Regression Slope

• Confidence Intervals for Linear Regression Slope

Coefficient Alpha

• Tests for One Coefficient Alpha
• Tests for Two Coefficient Alphas

Variances

• Tests for One Variance

Procedures added in the PASS 16 Upgrade from PASS 15

Logistic Regression

• Tests for the Odds Ratio in Logistic Regression with One Normal X (Wald Test)
• Tests for the Odds Ratio in Logistic Regression with One Normal X and Other Xs (Wald Test)
• Tests for the Odds Ratio in Logistic Regression with One Binary X and Other Xs (Wald Test)

Repeated Measures Slopes (GEE)

• GEE Tests for the Slope of Two Groups in a Repeated Measures Design (Continuous Outcome)
• GEE Tests for the Slope of Two Groups in a Repeated Measures Design (Binary Outcome)
• GEE Tests for the Slope of Two Groups in a Repeated Measures Design (Count Outcome)
• -
• GEE Tests for the Slope of Multiple Groups in a Repeated Measures Design (Continuous Outcome)
• GEE Tests for the Slope of Multiple Groups in a Repeated Measures Design (Count Outcome)

Repeated Measures Time-Averaged Differences (GEE)

• GEE Tests for the TAD of Two Groups in a Repeated Measures Design (Continuous Outcome)
• GEE Tests for the TAD of Two Groups in a Repeated Measures Design (Binary Outcome)
• GEE Tests for the TAD of Two Groups in a Repeated Measures Design (Count Outcome)
• -
• GEE Tests for the TAD of Multiple Groups in a Repeated Measures Design (Continuous Outcome)
• GEE Tests for the TAD of Multiple Groups in a Repeated Measures Design (Binary Outcome)
• GEE Tests for the TAD of Multiple Groups in a Repeated Measures Design (Count Outcome)

Hierarchical Design Comparisons using Mixed Models

• Mixed Models Tests for Two Means in a 2-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-2 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Two Means in a 2-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-1 Randomization)
• -
• Mixed Models Tests for Two Proportions in a 2-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-2 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Two Proportions in a 2-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-1 Randomization)
• -
• Mixed Models Tests for the Slope Difference in a 2-Level Hierarchical Design with Fixed Slopes
• Mixed Models Tests for the Slope Difference in a 2-Level Hierarchical Design with Random Slopes
• -
• Mixed Models Tests for Two Means in a 3-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-3 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Two Means in a 3-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-2 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Two Means in a 3-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-1 Randomization)
• -
• Mixed Models Tests for Two Proportions in a 3-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-3 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Two Proportions in a 3-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-2 Randomization)
• Mixed Models Tests for Two Proportions in a 3-Level Hierarchical Design (Level-1 Randomization)
• -
• Mixed Models Tests for the Slope Diff. in a 3-Level Hier. Design with Fixed Slopes (Level-2 Rand.)
• Mixed Models Tests for the Slope Diff. in a 3-Level Hier. Design with Random Slopes (Level-2 Rand.)
• Mixed Models Tests for the Slope Diff. in a 3-Level Hier. Design with Fixed Slopes (Level-3 Rand.)
• Mixed Models Tests for the Slope Diff. in a 3-Level Hier. Design with Random Slopes (Level-3 Rand.)

2x2 Cross-Over Design – Odds Ratio

• Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design

2x2 Cross-Over Design – Proportion Difference

• Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design

2x2 Cross-Over Design – Ratio of Poisson Rates

• Tests for the Ratio of Two Poisson Rates in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Poisson Rates in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Poisson Rates in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Poisson Rates in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design

2x2 Cross-Over Design – Generalized Odds Ratio for Ordinal Data

• Tests for the Generalized Odds Ratio for Ordinal Data in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Generalized Odds Ratio for Ordinal Data in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Gen. Odds Ratio for Ordinal Data in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Generalized Odds Ratio for Ordinal Data in a 2x2 Cross-Over Design

Williams Cross-Over Design – Pairwise Proportion Differences

• Tests for Pairwise Proportion Differences in a Williams Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Pairwise Proportion Differences in a Williams Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Pairwise Proportion Differences in a Williams Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for Pairwise Proportion Differences in a Williams Cross-Over Design

Williams Cross-Over Design – Pairwise Mean Differences

• Tests for Pairwise Mean Differences in a Williams Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Pairwise Mean Differences in a Williams Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Pairwise Mean Differences in a Williams Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for Pairwise Mean Differences in a Williams Cross-Over Design

Multiple Correlated Proportions (McNemar-Bowker Test of Symmetry)

• Tests for Multiple Correlated Proportions (McNemar-Bowker Test of Symmetry)

Tools and Features added in PASS 16

• Installation Validation Tool for Installation Qualification (IQ)
• Procedure Validation Tool for Operational Qualification (OQ)
• Report Header Formatting and Colors

Installation Validation Tool for Installation Qualification (IQ)

The Installation Validation Tool for Installation Qualification (IQ) may be used to validate that the software is installed completely and correctly. The tool can also be used to verify that no files have been changed since the software was installed.

The Installation Validation Tool compares all PASS installation files against factory requirements and reports if any required files or folders are missing or invalid. Summary and detailed validation reports are created and displayed in the Output Window. If all files and folders pass installation qualification, then you can be certain that the software is installed correctly.

Procedure Validation Tool for Operational Qualification (OQ)

The Procedure Validation Tool for Operational Qualification (OQ) may be used to validate that the software is operating correctly. The tool verifies that one or more (up to all) procedures is/are functioning correctly by loading the procedure(s), executing calculations, and comparing the results to verified and expected outcomes. Summary and detailed validation reports are created and displayed in the Output Window. If all procedures pass operational qualification, then you can be certain that the software is functioning as expected.

Each procedure can also be validated individually by clicking Validate This Procedure in the Help Center or Help menu on any Procedure Window.

Report Header Formatting and Colors

New system options give the user the ability to add (or remove) lines to the titles to improve separation of report sections. Title line color and text color for page headers, titles, and reports may also be specified individually.

Procedures added in the PASS 15 Upgrade from PASS 14

Logistic and Conditional Logistic Regression

• Logistic Regression with One Binary Covariate using the Wald Test
• Logistic Regression with Two Binary Covariates using the Wald Test
• Logistic Regression with Two Binary Covariates and an Interaction using the Wald Test
• Confidence Intervals for the Odds Ratio in a Logistic Regression with Two Binary Covariates
• Confidence Intervals for the Interaction Odds Ratio in a Logistic Regression with Two Binary Covariates
• Tests for the Odds Ratio in a Matched Case-Control Design with a Binary Covariate using Conditional Logistic Regression
• Tests for the Odds Ratio in a Matched Case-Control Design with a Quantitative X using Conditional Logistic Regression

Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Designs

• Tests for Two Proportions in a Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Design
• Tests for Two Means in a Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Design
• Tests for Two Poisson Rates in a Stepped-Wedge Cluster-Randomized Design

Tolerance Intervals

• Tolerance Intervals for Normal Data
• Tolerance Intervals for Any Data (Nonparametric)
• Tolerance Intervals for Exponential Data
• Tolerance Intervals for Gamma Data

Proportions

• Group-Sequential Tests for One Proportion in a Fleming Design
• Multiple Comparisons of Proportions vs. Control
• Tests for One Proportion to Demonstrate Conformance with a Reliability Standard
• Tests for One Proportion to Demonstrate Conformance with a Reliability Standard with Fixed Adverse Events

Poisson and Negative Binomial Rates

• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Poisson Rates
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Negative Binomial Rates
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Poisson Rates
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Negative Binomial Rates
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Poisson Rates
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Negative Binomial Rates

Effect Size

• Two-Sample T-Tests using Effect Size
• Tests for One Mean using Effect Size
• Tests for Paired Means using Effect Size
• Tests for Two Proportions using Effect Size
• Tests for One Proportion using Effect Size
• One-Way Analysis of Variance F-Tests using Effect Size
• Factorial Analysis of Variance using Effect Size
• Multiple Regression using Effect Size

Survival

• Two-Group Survival Comparison Tests (Simulation)

Sensitivity and Specificity

• Confidence Intervals for One-Sample Sensitivity
• Confidence Intervals for One-Sample Specificity
• Confidence Intervals for One-Sample Sensitivity and Specificity

Matched-Pair Difference in a Cluster-Randomized Design

• Tests for the Matched-Pair Difference of Two Event Rates in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Tests for the Matched-Pair Difference of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Tests for the Matched-Pair Difference of Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design

Percentiles

• Confidence Intervals for a Percentile of a Normal Distribution

Features added in PASS 15

• Sample Sizes Adjusted for Drop-Out
• Report of Procedure Input Settings
• Autosave Procedure Settings

Sample Sizes Adjusted for Drop-Out

The option for a Dropout-Inflated Sample Size report has been added to most procedures. The user specifies a drop-out (lost, not enrolled, etc.) percentage rate, and the report gives the total number of individuals needed such that power requirements will be met after drop-outs. That is, the report gives the drop-out inflated enrollment sample size.

Report of Procedure Input Settings

An option was added to every procedure to allow the user to show all the procedure input settings as a report of the output.

Autosave Procedure Settings

In PASS 15, the procedure settings are saved for every run of a procedure. This allows the user to go back and load the procedure settings of any PASS 15 run. Each settings file is given a unique date-time stamp to distinguish each run. The autosaved settings file name is also given in the Procedure Input Settings report.

Updated and/or Improved Procedures in PASS 15

Combined Procedures

In previous versions of PASS, some procedures differed only by the input parameter used. In PASS 15, several of these groups of procedures were combined into single procedures.

• Logrank Tests
• Group-Sequential Logrank Tests (Simulation)
• Two-Sample Z-Tests Assuming Equal Variance
• Two-Sample Z-Tests Allowing Unequal Variance
• Two-Sample T-Tests Assuming Equal Variance
• Two-Sample T-Tests Allowing Unequal Variance

Repeated Measures

• Repeated Measures Analysis

Regression

• Multiple Regression

Procedures added in the PASS 14 Upgrade from PASS 13

PASS 14 added over 25 new PASS sample size software procedures, including 13 means procedures, 3 rates and counts procedures, 3 survival analysis procedures, 5 regression procedures, and 2 acceptance sampling procedures.

Means

• Equivalence Tests for the Difference Between Two Paired Means
• Non-Inferiority Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Equivalence Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Tests for the Difference of Two Means in a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Tests for Fold Change of Two Means
• MxM Cross-Over Designs
• M-Period Cross-Over Designs using Contrasts
• One-Way Repeated Measures
• One-Way Repeated Measures Contrasts
• One-Way Analysis of Variance Contrasts
• Confidence Intervals for One-Way Repeated Measures Contrasts

Rates and Counts

• Tests for the Difference Between Two Poisson Rates
• Tests for the Difference Between Two Poisson Rates in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Tests for the Ratio of Two Negative Binomial Rates

Survival

• Logrank Tests in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• One-Sample Logrank Tests
• One-Sample Cure Model Tests

Regression

• Reference Intervals for Clinical and Lab Medicine
• Tests for the Difference Between Two Linear Regression Slopes
• Tests for the Difference Between Two Linear Regression Intercepts
• Mendelian Randomization with a Binary Outcome
• Mendelian Randomization with a Continuous Outcome

Acceptance Sampling

• Acceptance Sampling for Attributes
• Operating Characteristic Curves for Acceptance Sampling for Attributes

Procedures Updated in the PASS 14 Upgrade from PASS 13

Over 45 procedures were updated and/or improved as well.

Means

• Tests for Two Means using Ratios
• Tests for Two Means in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference of Two Means in a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference of Two Means in a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference of Two Means in a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Means in a Higher-Order Cross-Over Design
• One-Way Analysis of Variance F-Tests

Rates and Counts

• Tests for One Poisson Rate
• Tests for the Ratio of Two Poisson Rates

Proportions

• Tests for One Proportion
• Non-Inferiority Tests for One Proportion
• Equivalence Tests for One Proportion
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for One Proportion
• Tests for Two Proportions
• Tests for Two Proportions in a Repeated Measures Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions
• Equivalence Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions
• Confidence Intervals for the Difference Between Two Proportions
• Confidence Intervals for the Ratio of Two Proportions
• Confidence Intervals for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions
• Tests for Two Correlated Proportions (McNemar Test)
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference Between Two Correlated Proportions
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Correlated Proportions
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference Between Two Correlated Proportions
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Correlated Proportions
• Tests for Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Equivalence Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions in a Cluster-Randomized Design
• Group-Sequential Tests for Two Proportions (Simulation)
• Group-Sequential Non-Inferiority Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions (Simulation)
• Group-Sequential Non-Inferiority Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions (Simulation)
• Group-Sequential Non-Inferiority Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions (Simulation)
• Group-Sequential Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Difference of Two Proportions (Simulation)
• Group-Sequential Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Ratio of Two Proportions (Simulation)
• Group-Sequential Superiority by a Margin Tests for the Odds Ratio of Two Proportions (Simulation)

Features added in the PASS 13 Upgrade from PASS 12

• 3D Power and Sample Size Plots
• Multiple Value Selection Improvements
• Help Center and Video Help Expansion
• Two-Sample Sample Size Group Allocation Enhancements

3D Power and Sample Size Plots

Multiple Value Selection Improvements

Help Center and Video Help Expansion

Procedures added in the PASS 13 Upgrade from PASS 12

PASS 13 added over 25 new power and sample size procedures, including one-way tests (3), variance tests (5), correlation tests (5), correlation confidence intervals (4), exponential distribution parameter confidence intervals (4), quality control (2), Coefficient (Cronbach's) Alpha confidence interval (1), Kappa confidence interval (1), area under an ROC curve confidence interval (1), Michaelis-Menten parameters confidence intervals (1), and tests for two means in a multicenter randomized design (1).

One-way Tests of Mean or Center

• Kruskal-Wallis Tests (Simulation)
• Terry-Hoeffding Normal-Scores Tests of Means (Simulation)
• Van der Waerden Normal Quantiles Tests of Means (Simulation)

Variance Tests

• Bartlett Test of Variances (Simulation)
• Levene Test of Variances (Simulation)
• Brown-Forsythe Test of Variances (Simulation)
• Conover Test of Variances (Simulation)
• Power Comparison of Tests of Variances (Simulation)

Correlation Tests

• Pearson's Correlation Tests (Simulation)
• Spearman's Rank Correlation Tests (Simulation)
• Kendall's Tau-b Correlation Tests (Simulation)
• Point Biserial Correlation Tests
• Power Comparison of Correlation Tests (Simulation)

Correlation Confidence Intervals

• Confidence Intervals for Spearman's Rank Correlation
• Confidence Intervals for Kendall's Tau-b Correlation
• Confidence Intervals for Point Biserial Correlation
• Confidence Intervals for Intraclass Correlation

Exponential Distribution Parameter Confidence Intervals

• Confidence Intervals for the Exponential Lifetime Mean
• Confidence Intervals for an Exponential Lifetime Percentile
• Confidence Intervals for Exponential Reliability
• Confidence Intervals for the Exponential Hazard Rate

Quality Control

• Confidence Intervals for Cp
• Confidence Intervals for Cpk

Other

• Tests for Two Means in a Multicenter Randomized Design
• Confidence Intervals for Michaelis-Menten Parameters
• Confidence Intervals for the Area Under an ROC Curve
• Confidence Intervals for Kappa
• Confidence Intervals for Coefficient Alpha

Procedures added in the PASS 12 Upgrade from PASS 11

PASS 12 added over 15 new power and sample size procedures, including z tests (3), conditional power (6), repeated measures (2), non-inferiority logrank (2), equivalence logrank (2), Lin's concordance coefficient (1), probit analysis (1), and competing risks (1).

Conditional Power

• Conditional Power of One-Sample T-Tests
• Conditional Power of Two-Sample T-Tests
• Conditional Power of Paired T-Tests
• Conditional Power of 2x2 Cross-Over Designs
• Conditional Power of Logrank Tests
• Conditional Power of One-Proportions Tests
• Conditional Power of Two-Proportions Tests

Z-Test

• Two-Sample Z-Test Assuming Equal Variances
• Two-Sample Z-Test Allowing Unequal Variances

Survival Analysis

• Test for Two Survival Curves using Cox Regression
• Non-Inferiority Test for Two Survival Curves using Cox Regression
• Equivalence Test for Two Survival Curves using Cox Regression
• Superiority Test for Two Survival Curves using Cox Regression
• Test for Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
• Non-Inferiority Test for Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
• Equivalence Test for Difference of Two Hazard Rates Assuming an Exponential Model
• Superiority Test for Comparing Hazard Rates assuming Exponential Data
• Logrank Test Accounting for Competing Risks

Other

• Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient
• Probit Analysis
• Test for Comparing Mean Change Score in Pre-Post Design
• Confidence Interval for a Proportion from a Finite Population

Revised and Simplified

• Repeated Measures Analysis
• MANOVA
• Two-Sample T-Test Assuming Equal Variances
• Two-Sample T-Test with Unequal Variances
• Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Test